How have the strategies been allocated to their respective categories such as surface acquiring and deep acquiring?

Full Question: How have the strategies been allocated to their respective categories such as surface acquiring and deep acquiring? Is it a qualitative judgment, or e.g. based on the nature of how achievement was measured (e.g. measuring score on a vocabulary test vs. a critical essay)?

Answer: “Yes, I used a qualitative judgment. We decided to build a model – which should explain more in a predictive sense than just what we had. We were worried that the strategies would be ranked and miss the important moderators of surface/ deep/ transfer and first exposing and consolidating. The decision was based on the strategy not the outcome. Some recent work has provided more support for the model, but it is a model” (John Hattie, personal communication, January 26, 2019).